Substantial evidence has accumulated that cytokines, especially IL-8, may play an important role in the initiation and progression of fibromyalgia.
Cytokines are small molecules that serve as inter-cellular messengers. There are many different types, each with multiple, diverse and sometimes overlapping functions. Understanding of cytokine function is limited, but cytokines are known to play an important role in regulating the immune system.
Alterations in cytokine levels (cytokine dysregulation) has been linked to sleep disorders, hyperalgesia (excess sensitivity to pain signals), stress, ‘aching’, anxiety and cognitive difficulties (e.g. such as with “fibro fog”.)
On investigation, the level of IL-8 in fibromyalgia patients was 300% of that found in healthy controls. Furthermore, only IL-8 levels were shown to increase over time.