Lemon peel is a rich source of nobiletin, found in this study to inhibit NF-kappaB. Inhibition of NF-kappaB was associated with a decrease in: nitric oxide and prostaglandin production, as well as COX-2 protein expression, each of which is an important mediator of pain and inflammation – such as in the joint pain of osteoarthritis.
The publication:
August, 2007
Nobiletin from citrus fruit peel inhibits the activity of NF-kappaB.
Summary of the abstract
Treatment with nobiletin, which was purified from the fruit peel of citrus, was shown to significantly suppress NF-kappaB, nitric oxide, prostaglandin production, and COX-2 protein expression in an animal model of arthritis.
Nobiletin interrupted the DNA-binding activity of activated NF-kappaB.
As reactive oxygen species (ROS) are known to regulate the activation of NF-kB, the effect of nobiletin on LPS-induced ROS generation was tested. Nobiletin significantly inhibited LPS-induced intracellular ROS production.
These results suggest that nobiletin may exert an anti-inflammatory effect through the interruption of NF-kappaB DNA-binding activity and the suppression of ROS generation.
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