Lemon peel is a rich source of nobiletin, found in this study to inhibit NF-kB. Inhibition of NF-kB was associated with a decrease in: NO production, PGE-2, and COX-2, each of which is an important mediator of pain and inflammation in arthritis.
The publication:
J Ethnopharmacol. 2007 Aug 15;113(1):149-55. Epub 2007 May 31.
Nobiletin from citrus fruit peel inhibits the DNA-binding activity of NF-kappaB and ROS production in LPS-activated RAW 264.7 cells.
Choi SY, Hwang JH, Ko HC, Park JG, Kim SJ.
Department of Life Science, Cheju National University, 66 Jejudahakno, Jejusi, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea.
Summary of the abstract
Post-treatment with nobiletin, which was purified from the fruit peel of citrus was shown to significantly suppress NF-kB, NO and PGE(2) production, and iNOS and COX-2 protein expression in an animal model of arthritis.
Nobiletin interrupted the DNA-binding activity of activated NF-kappaB.
As reactive oxygen species (ROS) are known to regulate the activation of NF-kB, the effect of nobiletin on LPS-induced ROS generation was tested. Nobiletin significantly inhibited LPS-induced intracellular ROS production.
These results suggest that nobiletin may exert an anti-inflammatory effect through the interruption of NF-kB DNA-binding activity and the suppression of ROS generation.
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